Unit+4+Middle+East

=Unit 4 Middle East=

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Vocabulary
1. oasis - **fertile desert area that has enough water to support plant and animal life.** 2. Ziggurat - **huge, many-tiered temple; the center of life in Sumer, an early middle eastern civilization.** 3. scribe - **someone who writes copies of manuscripts and documents.** 4. cuneiform - **term used to describe the wedge-shaped writing of the ancient Sumarians.** 5. satrap - **governor of a Province in ancient Persia.** 6. messiah - **expected savior chosen by God to deliver the Jews from foreign rule and restore the Kingdom of Israel.** 7. parable - **short story with a simple moral lesson.** 8. martyr - **someone who suffers or dies for his or her beliefs.** 9. hejira - **migration of Muhammed and his followers from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622.** 10. hajj - **pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims who are able are expected to make once in their lifetime.** 11. caliph - **secular and religious head of a Muslim state; successor to the prophet Muhammed.** 12. crusade - **military expeditions undertaken by European Christians, beginning in the 1000's, to recover Palestine.** 13. millet - **non-Muslim community in the Ottoman Empire that owed loyalty to the Ottoman sultan but was relied by its own religious leader.** 14. shah - **hereditary monarch of Iran/Persia.** 15. mandate - **territory that was administered but not owned by a member of the League of Nations.** 16. anti-Semitism - **hatred and fear of Jews.** 17. Shariah - **sacred law of Islam based on the holy book of Koran.** 18. theocracy - **a government ruled by religious leaders.** 19. Ayatollah - **a high-ranking Shiite religious leader who is regarded as an authority on religious law and its interpretation and who has political power as well** 20. Islamic fundamentalism - **term used to describe religious ideologists seen as advocating a return to the fundamentals of Islam.** 21. Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) - **a political and parliamentary organization.** 22. intifada - **uprising of armed Palestinians.**

Crossroads of the world
1.Lots of goods being traded 2.Connecting point for many trade routes 3.Cultural Diffusion 4.Location -**Strategy** Suez canal

**1. Northern Tier**
- Mountains and Plateaus - Desert - Dry - Small Population

- Vast Plateau - Bordered by water - 1/3 size of USA - lack of water = small population -Resources include, oil, sand for glass, copper, - Birthplace of Islam
 * 2. Arabian Peninsula**

-Fertile Soil -Unpredictable Flooding -First Ancient Civilizations -Civilizations emerged in the fertile Tigris Euphrates Valley -Governments help build dikes and canals to help flooding
 * 3. Fertile Crescent**

Class Notes
Know where the countries of the Middle east are located! Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Lebanon, Yemen, Oman, Turkey, Kuwait, Egypt